在高中英语学习中,动词短语和固定搭配是语法和词汇掌握的重要部分。今天我们要讲解的两个短语是 “consist of” 和 “break away from”,它们虽然看似简单,但在实际使用中却常常被误用或混淆。
一、consist of 的用法
consist of 表示“由……组成”,强调的是整体与部分之间的关系。它是一个不及物动词短语,不能用于被动语态,也不能接宾语。
✅ 正确用法:
- The team consists of five players.
(这支队伍由五名队员组成。)
- A healthy diet consists of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
(健康的饮食包括水果、蔬菜和全谷类食物。)
❌ 错误用法:
- × The team consists of five players from the school.
(虽然语法上可以接受,但“from”在这里显得多余,因为“consist of”已经表达了“由……组成”的意思。)
- × The book is consisted of many chapters.
(错误!“consist of”不能用于被动语态。应改为:The book consists of many chapters.)
二、break away from 的用法
break away from 意为“脱离、挣脱、摆脱”,常用于描述从某种关系、环境或习惯中脱离出来。它可以表示物理上的脱离,也可以是抽象意义上的脱离。
✅ 正确用法:
- He decided to break away from his family’s traditional beliefs.
(他决定摆脱家庭的传统观念。)
- The country tried to break away from its colonial past.
(这个国家试图摆脱其殖民历史。)
- The athlete broke away from the pack in the final lap.
(运动员在最后一圈脱离了队伍。)
❌ 错误用法:
- × She breaked away from her friends.
(错误!“break away”是固定短语,不能用过去式“breaked”。正确形式是“broke away”。)
- × He break away from the group.
(缺少助动词,应为:He broke away from the group.)
三、对比与总结
| 短语 | 含义 | 用法特点 |
|------------------|--------------------------|----------------------------|
| consist of | 由……组成| 不及物动词短语,不用于被动 |
| break away from| 脱离、挣脱| 可用于人或抽象概念 |
四、练习巩固
请判断下列句子是否正确,并改正错误:
1. The cake consists of flour, sugar, and eggs.
2. The students broke away from the teacher.
3. This car is consisted of a lot of parts.
4. She broke away from her old habits.
参考答案:
1. ✅ 正确
2. ✅ 正确
3. × 错误 → 改为:This car consists of a lot of parts.
4. ✅ 正确
通过今天的学习,希望大家能够更加准确地理解和运用 “consist of” 和 “break away from” 这两个常用短语。英语学习贵在积累和实践,每天进步一点点,就是最大的收获!